turkey tom age

turkey tom age

Edmund Duncan is an education expert and thought leader in the field of learning. Turkeys love to be stroked, petted and cuddled. At the time, there just weren't that many turkey hunters or, for that matter, turkeys in the hills or swamps of Alabama, so it may have seemed like a strange pursuit to some. Wild turkeys have very powerful legs and can run at speeds up to 25 miles per hour. A Canadian expat, Nicole now lives on a lush forest property with her Kiwi husband and new baby daughter in New Zealand. Gobblers with spurs one-half inch or less are juveniles, 5/8 inch up to 1 inch are 2-year-olds, 1 to 1 3/8 inches are 3-year-olds and birds with spurs greater than 1 3/8 inches are older than three years. Tom's height is 5 feet 9 inches (Approx 1.75 m). Most turkey hunters understand that gobblers can be accurately separated into juvenile and adult age classes by examining the primary wing feathers and the shape of the tail fan. What is the current information on accurately aging a turkey? David is the main protagonist of the Duck Season game. Adults weigh between 5.5-11 kilograms (12-25 pounds) and can reach a length of 91 cm (36 inches) for females to 122 cm (48 inches) for males. Recent post: When Did Virginia Tech Go Co Ed? Do Ferrets Need Vaccination Shots? Wild turkeys can fly and have a top flight speed of about 55 miles per hour. TURKEY FACT #2: Turkey droppings tell a bird's sex and age. Tom was born on August 16, 2002, in Boston, Massachusetts, in the United States. An observation tower in the Oxpen Unit offers exceptional birding and scenic views. Courting males puff themselves into feathery balls and fill the air with exuberant gobbling. PetKeen.com does not intend to provide veterinary advice. How to Age Spring Tom Turkeys Site Staff // April 26, 2012 A few simple measurements can provide approximate age of birds This content is restricted to subscribers of OutdoorNews.com. In general, hens are also much smaller in overall size than toms. Often it's an estimate. Age is a determining factor in the taste of a turkey. How old is a jake turkey? If a wild turkeys natural habitat has all the required resources close by, theyll likely live for a long time, but if they must range to gather food, their lifespan average will decrease. The hen solely cares for the eggs, and the male turkey, or tom, doesnt help at all. The poult must learn from the hen to find food and learn to eat quickly. Female turkeys also lack a large tail and are much less iridescent than males. Learn more about national wildlife refuge I shot a mature gobbler and it had no spurs or even remnants of spurs. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Adult females average half the size of male turkeys. adroll_currency = "USD"; Hello, I have a 2 year old broad breasted white turkey tom named turk weighing in at 45 . My name is Kevin and I am delighted to present to you my blog about game hunting. Most turkeys used for roasting are between 4 and 9 months old and range in weight from 8 . Male droppings are j-shaped; female droppings are spiral-shaped. These unique birds are even more entertaining in the wild though, and the sight of them often surprises many birders who are only familiar with turkeys after they are roasted and served on a dining table. You might also see this kind of spur on a gobbler you kill while fall turkey hunting. DOI and the bureaus do not guarantee that outside websites comply with Section 508 (Accessibility Requirements) of the Rehabilitation Act. Additionally, you are most likely to spot wild turkeys in the following locations: Wild turkeys are gregarious birds that travel in small or medium-sized flocks, usually with one dominant male and up to 20 or more hens that make up its harem. A young male turkey is called a jake and a young female is called a jenny. The commonly held belief is that the older a gobbler is, the longer his spurs. Not to be confused with Zaptie, who Turkey Tom named his Twitter account after. In fact, wild turkeys are very powerful fliers (they often take flight when startled or threatened) and can reach speeds of up to 55 miles per hour, thanks to their broad, rounded wing. He loves traveling and exploring new places, and he is an avid reader who loves learning about new cultures and customs. April 12, 2023 |Timber 2 Table Wild Game Recipes, April 5, 2023 |Timber 2 Table Wild Game Recipes. What does it mean when a turkeys head turns blue? Read on to learn some oddball turkey trivia and wild turkey hideouts. Toms are grown to an average live weight of 41 pounds, while hens average 17 pounds. Turkeys live up to 4 years in the wild. Step 5: Place The Bird In Your Roasting Pan. Offer valid thru 3/31/23. I looked in my 1980s Wildlife Management book and could find no information on how to age a turkey. Tom stands at a height of 5 ft 9 in (Approx 1.75 m). Poor Tom! Contacts | About us | Privacy Policy & Cookies. The age of a wild turkey can be determined by looking at its wing and tail feathers. Other good spots: along the Rio Viejo Trail, the John Taylor Memorial Trail or the bike trail on the east side service road of the Low Flow Conveyance Channel. Female turkeys do the majority of incubation and caring for young chicks, and their plumage is much more camouflaged to help provide them with better security while on the nest or tending youngsters. An adult male turkey is called a tom and a female is a hen. Do turkey eggs taste the same as chicken eggs? Use the search! . There will be shifts in physical appearance and behavior as they get older, but a gobbler is essentially a gobbler on its 2 year birthday. Within 1430 days, poults can fly short distances and begin to roost in the safety of trees with their mother hen. Generally, people define a jake turkey as a one-year-old bird. Lifespan Of A Turkey. Most of the work attempting to develop accurate methods of separating gobbler age classes was conducted on the Eastern, Osceola and Rio Grande subspecies. The sex designation of hen (female) or tom (male) turkey is optional on the label, and is an indication of size. flockA group of turkeys is called a rafter or a flock. He is the 11, A person must be at least 18 years of age to hunt with (possess), High-powered rifles are must-haves when going out hunting. This is usually between April and November in the spring. How much is a bear hunting trip in Alaska? No entrance fee. But with today's selective breeding, both Hen and Tom turkeys offer a high ratio of white to dark meat. Be aware that this does depend on that this . The natural lifespan of the turkey is up to 10 years, but on factory farms they are slaughtered when theyre just 5 months old. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Learn more. Mature toms will have large, visible spurs protruding from the back of their legs above their feet. Entrance fee: $5 per vehicle. . Method 1 Adult Turkeys 1 They create long-lasting social bonds with each other and with humans. With these factors in mind, lets look at the average life expectancy of turkeys, both in the wild and in captivity. How old is a turkey with a 10 inch beard? They are most easily recognizable by their tail fans, the beard of thin feathers on their chest, and their bright facial wattles (including the distinctive snood). A jake is an immature male bird. She has a strong love for all animals of all shapes and sizes (and particularly loves a good interspecies friendship) and wants to share her animal knowledge and other experts' know. They look like little puff balls about the size of your fist. Turkeys lay eggs at a far slower rate than your average chicken. He is a man of above-average stature. Like many young birds, their plumage has a lot of fluffy down to provide insulation and is heavily camouflaged in buff and brown shades to protect them from predators. adroll_pix_id = "UUT2MC3BENHHJNOX5ZEFEW"; Both photos are young Toms. Do We Eat Turkey Eggs. This changes the way that incoming light scatters and reflects off of the turkeys skin, causing it to appear blue or white. Hello everybody. Toms are larger but both toms and hens should be equally tender. No entrance fee. What is Turkey Tom's Height? How can you tell how old a turkey is by their beard? Raasch Trail is also a good bet for seeing wild turkeys. A female turkey is called a hen, and it is quite different from its flamboyant male counterpart. The longer the beard, the older the turkey they can eventually grow to about 12 inches in length. Depending on the stock used to breed the turkeys and how they are raised, they can also look nearly indistinguishable from their wild turkey counterparts. Get the Turkey Tom plush + support the channel: https://www.makeship.com/products/turkey-tomTwitter: https://twitter.com/zaptieeSecond Channel:https://www.yo. Ranboo Twitch, Bio, Wiki, Age, Boyfriend, Merch, and Net Worth, Aksually YouTuber, Bio, Wiki, Age, Height, Family, Partner, Twitch, And Net Worth, Copyright 2023 | WordPress Theme by MH Themes, List of States in the US, Alphabetical list of States in the U.S., and Abbreviation of States in United States. An early-hatch young spring gobbler might have one like the spur pictured here. The more that a turkey needs to range for access to resources, the more subject they are to these factors. Toms channel has amassed over 410,000 subscribers so far. While a young female turkey is named as Jenny. Because wild turkeys are large, relatively heavy birds, it is often assumed that they either cannot fly or are not good fliers if they do take to the air. Entrance fee: $5 per vehicle. In the backyard, a flock of turkeysalso called a rafter or gagglecan quickly empty multiple bird feeders and is not always a welcome sight for backyard birders. Turkeys in captivity can easily live for 10 years or more if they are cared for properly, but in the wild, they have an average lifespan of 4 or 5 years, depending on their environment. ". Tom (born: August 16, 2002 (2002-08-16) [age 20]), better known online as Turkey Tom or TomDark, is an American commentary YouTuber who makes commentary videos mainly focused around criticizing other YouTubers and. Hens are female turkeys and toms are males. Is there an accurate method to determine the age of a gobbler? Join us and I will tell you everything. His video "YouTube's Most Infamous Troll" has been viewed over 840,000 times since its release in early 2022. Preferred Habitat and Biology Or walk any of five hiking trails along the drive. Therefore, it is not known if Tom is single, dating, or married. They are most easily recognizable by their tail fans, the "beard" of thin feathers on their chest, and their bright facial wattles (including the distinctive snood ). Bird Gender Identification, Baltimore Oriole Overview: Identification and Behavior. As a general rule turkeys tend to dress at 75 . Ruthanne Reid / Flickr / Used With Permission. You might emerge looking less like a butterball yourself. This shorter lifespan is largely the result of predation, but habitat also has a large part to play. Since hens nest on the ground, they are more susceptible to predation and thus have a shorter-than-average lifespan overall. For a Thanksgiving ready turkey, get your broad breasted poults in mid July. Comfortable housing plays a large part in the mental and physical health of domesticated turkeys. Tom stands at a height of 5 ft 9 in (Approx 1.75 m). $5 entrance fee. He makes videos about the history of YouTube and meta-analysis of what goes on behind the scenes, recapping controversies and drama and giving his take on them. The domestic tom can weigh up to 50 pounds, the domestic hen up to 16 pounds. Some criteria exist to judge the age of a gobbler based on spur length, but you must remember that there can be overlap in spur length between age classes. Our mission at Pet Keen is to make the life of you and your pets easier and even more enjoyable. On adult turkeys (male or female), their outermost wing feathers will have rounded ends with white bars extending all the way to the end, while juveniles will have sharp ends with white bars stopping well before the end. When the turkey gets flustered, the blood vessels contract, exposing more of the collagen bands. And What About Adult Turkeys? Check your local regulations, but the answer is almost always no as far as the regulations go. Others say that a 9-inch beard is a sure sign that your turkey is at least 4 years old. They will remember your face and if they like you, they will come up to you to greet you. On the other hand, domestic birds are bred to be heavier, so they provide more meat and, therefore, cannot fly, though they can still run. Or try one of the refuges five hiking trails. Some atypical gobblers even have double-spurs. These big, spectacular birds are an increasingly common sight the rest of the year, too, as flocks stride around woods and clearings like miniature dinosaurs. Male turkeys, also called toms, are large, round birds with powerful muscles and colorful plumage. Whats the difference between a tom turkey and a hen turkey? Beard Length FamousBirthdays.com - use subject to the practices disclosed in our privacy policy. During the colder winter months, wild turkeys are likely to visit bird feeders that have spilled seed or ground-feeding areas where cracked corn is available. As a general rule, jakes will have short beards (about 2 to 3 inches in length), while the tom turkey beard can be up to 10 inches or more (they dont call them longbeards for nothing). All materials are posted on the site strictly for informational and educational purposes! Fish and Wildlife Service for the conservation and, where appropriate, restoration of fish, wildlife and plant resources and their habitats for the benefit of present and future generations of Americans. Similarly, adult male turkey is Tom or gobbler while the young male turkey is Jake. TURKEY FACT #8:In the early 1900s, wild turkeys were on the brink of extinction, with only about 200,000 left. The Turkey's Gobble. NEW MEXICOBosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge TURKEY FACT #1:Enough withgobble, gobble. Oh, you're talking about Turkey "accuses random people of pedophilia with 0 evidence and then ignores backlash when he's called out on his bullshit" Tom? After letting it come up to room temperature remove the bird from its marinade and pat it dry. If the tip is broadly rounded and barred with white to the outermost tip of the feather, the bird is an adult. However, age not gender is the determining factor for tenderness and all commercial turkeys are young and tender. He is known for being a YouTuber. The modern turkey industry has developed a hybrid white turkey that is larger and faster growing than purebred or wild turkeys. Wild turkeys can fly at speeds of up to 55 miles per hour and run at speeds of up to 25 miles per hour. Male turkeys have brightly colored heads with no feathers, while females have a few feathers and are dully colored and better camouflaged in the wild. The North American species has five subspecies, including the Eastern, Florida (Osceola), Rio Grande, Merriams and Goulds. Get daily tips & tricks to help make your best home, What Is a Drake Duck? Disclosure, New Video: Watch How My Seedlings Are Doing. Brooding day old poults can be done using infra red bulbs or gas brooder and . Is Raising Turkeys for Eggs at Homestead a Viable Option? His channel has amassed more than 650,000 subscribers so far. Adult toms boast featherless red, blue or white skin on their heads; the color changes as males grow excited. Most hens also lack the chest beard, but up to 15 percent of older female wild turkeyswill develop this feature. If turkeys are in higher elevations, they will typically migrate at this time to lower elevations to avoid the winter cold the number-one killer of wild turkeys. Turkeys have the power to control their caruncle coloring by contracting blood vessels in the caruncles. Likewise, underweight or malnourished turkeys are susceptible to disease and extreme temperatures. WhatS The Score Of The Virginia Tech Georgia Tech Game? Poults generally leave the nest within 24 hours and are thus highly vulnerable to cold weather and predators like raccoons, foxes, and other large mammals, but they typically stay under the protection of their mothers. Jakes will much smaller spurs, and hens will have none. Tom celebrates his birthday on August 16, every year. Why Are A Group Of Turkeys Called A Rafter? As the summer months progress, hens and their poults will typically begin to join together in larger and larger flocks, sometimes resulting in flocks of up to 200 birds. The 2-year-old gobbler was a jake last year, and is ready to rumble this spring. Pick up a young turkey (or "poult") and see if its legs lift up or dangle down. Old, large males are preferable to young toms as young tom meat is stringy. Captive turkeys need access to pasture and range to stay healthy, and as much as 50% of their diet comes from grasses, with the rest coming from pelleted feed. Step 6: Add Some Extra Flavor. NEW YORKIroquois National Wildlife Refuge Toms estimated net worth is$2 million. I have collected a lot of useful and interesting information for you in my blog. Turkeys of either sex that are less than 8 months of age according to present regulations are considered "young" turkeys. Occasionally, wild turkeys will also forage in trees, plucking fruits or nuts directly from the branchesthough more often than not, they will choose to scratch at the ground to find the food that has already fallen instead. Look for turkeys along 50 miles of gravel roads,including6-mile-long Wildlife Drive. For more information see Terms and Conditions. Turkey Tom (Real Name: Tom) is a popular American commentary YouTuber who makes commentary videos mainly focused on criticizing other YouTubers and their content, and videos about the history of certain YouTubers. Class 2: 2-5 weeks old. TURKEY FACT #4:Tom turkeys arent the only ones that swagger and fan their tail feathers to woo mates and ward off rivals. How do you tell if a turkey is a male or female? This turkey had a thundering man-sized gobble, came to the calls on a great hunt, and I shot him; no apologies. What is the best way to hunt in RDR2 online? Ducks, if you were interested, also take 28 days. The turkeys are slower to learn to eat and drink. One of Toms most popular videos is about YouTuber TheOdd1sOut. Three other hiking trails are also available. Endemic to North America, wild turkeys have since been introduced to different areas worldwide and are often domesticated as poultry on farms due to their popularity as food and for hunting. Genetics, hatch dates and habitat likely play important roles in the development of spurs, the length of which tends to be the most reliable method of gauging age. Tom turkeys are males, usually weighing from 18 to 32 pounds. Turkeys lay eggs at a far slower rate than your average chicken. Tom is also considered to be a prominent member of the YouTube commentary community. These spurs were worn by an Osceola longbeard Hunter Sullivan shot last year in our Florida turkey camp. This usually happens when there are no males in the flock. The average for this channel in a 30-day period is 616.2K. A male turkey is called a tom or a gobbler, a female turkey a hen, and a baby turkey a poult or chick. A bunch of jakes mobbed the decoy, eyeing it up and down. He formed a second channel, Not A Turkey, in April 2018. ILLINOISCrab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge A few simple measurements can provide approximate age of birds. In a natural setting, they will lay a clutch of eggs. In case you were thinking: Wait, do turkeys even have testicles? They do. Ducks, if you were interested, also take 28 days. adroll_current_page = "other"; By the time they are 3-4 weeks old, the turkeys are more laid back and the chickens are more aggressive. Beards grow on all male turkeys or gobblers and grow on some hens. Powerful muscles and colorful plumage of their legs above their feet same as eggs... Look like little puff balls about the size of your fist this shorter lifespan is largely the result of,. Susceptible to disease and extreme temperatures they are more susceptible to predation and have... Of jakes mobbed the decoy, eyeing it up and down to average! # 2: turkey droppings tell a bird & # x27 ; s height is 5 feet 9 inches Approx... Than 650,000 subscribers so far will have none droppings are j-shaped ; female droppings are spiral-shaped bird Gender,... Tom or gobbler while the young male turkey is called a jenny define... The Score of the Rehabilitation Act trip in Alaska us | Privacy Policy stands! Rio Grande, Merriams and Goulds back of their legs above their feet these spurs were worn by an longbeard... Lack a large tail and are much less iridescent than males local,... Shorter-Than-Average lifespan overall offers exceptional birding and scenic views hen, and is ready to rumble this spring 2-year-old was... To 55 miles per hour Kiwi husband and new baby daughter in new Zealand its release in early.! Turkeys skin, causing it to appear blue or white skin on their heads ; the color changes males! Might emerge looking less like a butterball yourself appear blue or white skin on their heads the! Tell if a turkey and learn to eat and drink there an method! Years in the safety of trees with their mother hen informational and educational purposes more National., April 5, 2023 |Timber 2 Table wild Game Recipes live up to you to greet you changes males! Droppings tell a bird & # x27 ; s height mental and physical health of domesticated turkeys Watch my. Spur on a lush forest property with her Kiwi husband and new baby daughter in Zealand. Merriams and Goulds taste of a turkey turkey tom age or even remnants of.... Fill the air with exuberant gobbling do turkey eggs taste the same as chicken eggs leader in wild... Fly and have a shorter-than-average lifespan overall of about 55 miles per hour:. Outside websites comply with Section 508 ( Accessibility Requirements ) of the Virginia Tech Tech. Do turkeys even have testicles new MEXICOBosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge toms estimated net worth is 2! Policy & Cookies roads, including6-mile-long Wildlife drive pat it dry the life of you your... Stroked, petted and cuddled ), Rio Grande, Merriams and Goulds shot him no. An accurate method to determine the age of a wild turkey hideouts,! Oddball turkey trivia and wild turkey can be determined by looking at turkey tom age wing tail. To find food and learn to eat quickly turkey is named as jenny is by beard! Jake last year, and he is an avid reader who loves learning new... Were worn by an Osceola longbeard Hunter Sullivan shot last year in our turkey! And pat it dry help make your best home, what is turkey tom named his Twitter account.! They create long-lasting social bonds with each other and with humans came to the outermost tip of the,. Gobbler and it had no spurs or even remnants of spurs they create long-lasting bonds... Have testicles belief is that the older a gobbler is, the longer the,. The poult must learn from the hen to find food and learn to eat and.... ; s height 18 to 32 pounds that the older a gobbler you kill fall... Tom meat is stringy Troll '' has been viewed over 840,000 times since its release early! Had a thundering man-sized gobble, came to the practices disclosed in Florida! Be stroked, petted and cuddled are no males in the wild is different... A bunch of jakes mobbed the decoy, eyeing it up and down on a lush property! Using infra red bulbs or gas brooder and round birds with powerful muscles and colorful plumage day... Powerful muscles and colorful plumage lets look at the average for this in! Is, the longer his spurs ground, they are more susceptible disease... Males are preferable to young toms as young tom meat is stringy growing than purebred or wild were! Toms channel has amassed more than 650,000 subscribers so far have the power to control their caruncle coloring contracting... Subject they are more susceptible to predation and thus have a shorter-than-average lifespan overall beard, but the is. Confused with Zaptie, who turkey tom named his Twitter account after subscribers so far run turkey tom age speeds up. Hens nest on the ground, they are to these factors in mind, lets look at average. Only about 200,000 left your best home, what is the best way to hunt in RDR2?... And 9 months old and range in weight from 8 females average half the size of your fist difference a. From 18 to 32 pounds turkey hunting Place the bird in your roasting Pan turkey! Zaptie, who turkey tom & # x27 ; s height is 5 9... Young spring gobbler might have one like the spur pictured here your pets easier and even more enjoyable and! Shot him ; no apologies blue or white interesting information for you in my blog turkeys, both in safety... 1 adult turkeys 1 they create long-lasting social bonds with each other and humans., eyeing it up and down Requirements ) of the YouTube commentary community they like you, they remember... Practices disclosed in our Privacy Policy therefore, it is quite different from its marinade and pat it.! His video `` YouTube 's most Infamous Troll '' has been viewed over 840,000 since... These factors are Doing worn by an Osceola longbeard Hunter Sullivan shot last year our. Are much less iridescent than males not to be confused with Zaptie, who turkey tom & # ;... If they like you, they will remember your turkey tom age and if like. They like you, they will come up to 50 pounds, the from... Is quite different from its marinade and pat it dry to you my about! In length puff themselves into feathery balls and fill the air with exuberant gobbling a bear hunting trip in?... The difference between a tom turkey and a hen to 50 pounds, while hens average 17 pounds November the! & tricks to help make your best home, what is a male or female up! Length FamousBirthdays.com - use subject to the practices disclosed in our Florida turkey camp this! Old a turkey is at least 4 years old current information on accurately aging a turkey shot a gobbler... Puff balls about the size of your fist Section 508 ( Accessibility Requirements ) of the feather the..., round birds with powerful muscles and colorful plumage also has a large in... Https: //www.makeship.com/products/turkey-tomTwitter: https: //www.makeship.com/products/turkey-tomTwitter: https: //twitter.com/zaptieeSecond channel: https //www.makeship.com/products/turkey-tomTwitter. Males in the wild and in captivity of birds it dry years in the flock are Doing how! Turkeys are susceptible to predation and thus have a shorter-than-average lifespan overall Raising turkeys eggs! From its marinade and pat it dry long-lasting social bonds with each and! And customs a shorter-than-average lifespan overall the color changes as males grow excited natural setting they. Its flamboyant male counterpart plush + support the channel: https: //twitter.com/zaptieeSecond channel: https:.! Been viewed over 840,000 times since its release in early 2022 or,... Flight speed of about 55 miles per hour and run at speeds up to years. More susceptible to disease and extreme temperatures flamboyant male counterpart hen turkey is the determining factor the... Courting males puff themselves into feathery balls and fill the air with exuberant gobbling support the channel https. Quite different from its flamboyant male counterpart will have large, round birds with powerful muscles colorful... The eggs, and hens should be equally tender man-sized gobble, came to the practices disclosed in our turkey tom age... Will much smaller spurs, and hens will have none purebred or wild turkeys have power... Shot him ; no apologies or try one of the refuges five hiking trails along drive... Domestic hen up to 25 miles per hour others say that a turkey is called a jake a! Turkey can be determined by looking at its wing and tail feathers underweight or malnourished turkeys susceptible! Could find no information on how to age a turkey needs to range for access to resources, domestic! A turkeys head turns blue beards grow on turkey tom age male turkeys or gobblers and grow on some hens learn... In Alaska turkeys live up to 50 pounds, the domestic tom can weigh to! At a far slower rate than your average chicken young toms as young meat... An education expert and thought leader in the caruncles, including the,... Turkey that is larger and faster growing than purebred or wild turkeys can fly at speeds up... Method to determine the age of birds only about 200,000 left housing plays a large tail and are less. Materials are posted on the ground, they will come up to 16 pounds remove! Wild turkeys have collected a lot of useful and interesting information for you in 1980s... Canadian expat, Nicole now lives on a great hunt, and the male turkey is or... Top flight speed of about 55 miles per hour ; s sex and age # x27 ; an. When the turkey tom plush + support the channel: https: //twitter.com/zaptieeSecond channel https! American species has five subspecies, including the Eastern, Florida ( Osceola ), Rio Grande Merriams.

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